Assessing the Intersectionality of Climate Change, Health, and Economic Development in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities for Resilience-Building by 2030

Climate change intensifies Africa’s health and economic disparities by amplifying vulnerabilities among already at-risk populations. This study synthesises secondary data from peer-reviewed literature, institutional reports, and global databases such as the World Bank and WHO to examine the intersectionality of climate change, health outcomes, and economic development across the continent. The analysis reveals that rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and environmental disruptions disproportionately impact the health of children, women, and low-income communities, leading to increased disease burdens, malnutrition, and reduced life expectancy. These health challenges translate into significant economic losses, including diminished labour productivity, agricultural decline, and increased public spending on disaster relief and healthcare, collectively threatening sustainable development and widening existing inequalities. However, the findings also highlight emerging opportunities for resilience-building, such as green financing, renewable energy investments, and community-led adaptation strategies that foster inclusive economic growth and health system strengthening. Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-aligned resilience by 2030 will require integrated, cross-sectoral policies that address the complex interplay between climate, health, and economic systems, while prioritising vulnerable populations and leveraging innovative financing and governance mechanisms to support sustainable, equitable development.