Comparative Analysis of Chronic Diseases and Depression Between Participants and Non-Participants of Physical Activity Among Chinese Older Adults in Urban and Rural Areas

Aim: Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2020 (CHARLS 2020), this study analyzed the effects of physical activity on chronic diseases and depression in older adults in urban and rural areas and discussed the differences between these residential areas. Methods: Based on the CHARLS 2020 data, 6,579 older people aged 65 years and above were selected. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used to explore the influence of different intensities of physical activity on chronic diseases and depression. Results: The participation of urban and rural older adults in sports activities of different intensities had different effects on chronic diseases and depressive symptoms. Urban residents participated in high-intensity activities more than that observed with rural residents, which is related to the low incidence of chronic diseases and relief of depression; moderate-intensity activities were also effective in relieving depression. Rural residents mostly participated in low-intensity activities related to depression relief, but these activities have a limited impact on chronic diseases. Conclusion: Public health intervention strategies should be formulated based on regional characteristics. Furthermore, appropriate sports activities should be promoted in rural areas to improve the health of older adults, and cities should strengthen mental health interventions, promote social interactions, and construct support networks.