ROVs Utilized in Communication and Remote Control Integration Technologies for Smart Aquaculture Monitoring Systems

The evolution of mobile communication technologies from 4G networks to BEYOND 5G low-orbit satellite communications, along with the introduction of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) in 3GPP Release 17, is fostering rapid advancements in satellite communications. This progress is particularly beneficial for maritime communications and aquatic monitoring, which are now embracing new technological opportunities. This research proposes an innovative smart ocean and aquaculture monitoring system that integrates multiple remote control systems and mobile communication technologies at its core. The system effectively utilizes existing 4G mobile communication networks while maintaining a flexible architecture for future upgrades to BEYOND 5G low-orbit satellite communication networks, ensuring stable communication in deep-sea environments. The system supports operation through various platforms, including computers, smartphones, smartwatches, and multi-site central control centers, significantly enhancing user operational flexibility and monitoring efficiency. To implement this architecture, the research developed a Remotely Operated Underwater Vehicle (ROV) system specifically designed for real-time monitoring of aquaculture and marine environments. This system combines microcontroller units (MCUs) and Raspberry Pi as core controllers, equipped with underwater cameras and multifunctional water quality sensors, achieving seamless integration of multiple communication interfaces and control methods. Field test results demonstrate that the system's architecture for multiple remote control and mobile communication integration exhibits excellent operational performance and communication stability in various real-world settings, including the Gongliao Aquatic Center, the National Taiwan Ocean University boat dock, large-scale cage nets in Pingtung offshore waters, and Xuejia fish ponds. Through real-time image transmission and sensor data collection, the system enhances the accuracy and efficiency of water quality monitoring. This research pioneers new development directions for smart aquaculture in Taiwan and other resource-limited regions, demonstrating the practical value of integrating multiple remote control systems with mobile communication technologies.