A Survey on Coverage and Security in Wireless Sensor Networks

This survey paper focuses on area coverage and security aspects in wireless sensor networks. It attempts to address the major critical issues related to both of them, and present solutions to address them. In fact, the complete function of wireless sensor networks will only be practicable when both of these issues have been taken into consideration in real-world applications, such as environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, and surveillance, to name a few. Various strategic methods developed for deploying sensors with two-dimensional, three-dimensional, deterministic, and nondeterministic deployment analyses regarding their impact on coverage, connectivity, energy efficiency, and scalability are discussed. This survey will also investigate the deployment of homogeneous and heterogeneous sensors in wireless sensor networks, showing exactly how design criteria are influencing network deployment, operations, and security. These will highlight some major security challenges, including strong encryption, authentication mechanisms, intrusion detection, resource depletion, and node compromise attack countermeasures. The findings provide insight into improving the reliability and energy efficiency of WSNs, therefore forming a basis for further research and development into secure and efficient deployment of wireless sensor networks.