A Competency Framework for Electric Vehicle Maintenance Technicians: Addressing the ESG Imperatives of the BEV Industry

The rapid evolution of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry calls for a robust, specialized competency framework for maintenance technicians. This study develops such a framework through an extensive literature review and analysis of domestic and international standards, identifying a broad set of potential competency items. A three-round Delphi process was then employed with 15 experts—education directors, senior technical supervisors, and veteran maintenance technicians—to refine the framework. The first round gathered open-ended insights, which were synthesized into a structured questionnaire. Subsequent rounds used a five-point Likert scale and nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis) to assess consensus and validate the framework.