Beyond Physical Disability: The Social Cognition Challenges in Quality of Life Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Introduction: Social cognition impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and could implicate the well-being of patients by promoting difficulties in social interactions. This study investigated the relationship between social cognition and quality of life (QoL) in patients with MS (PwMS). Methods: One-hundred PwMS, enrolled as per distinct criteria, underwent neuropsychological assessment using validated questionnaires and scales. To assess QoL, Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life -54 (MSQOL-54) questionnaires, both physical and mental, were utilized. Components of social cognition were evaluated using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMET) and the Faux Pas task. Type of MS and years since diagnosis were also recorded. Results: The RMET score (β = 0.336, p = 0.001) and years since diagnosis (β = -0.225, p = 0.017) emerged as significant predictors of physical QoL, whereas the Faux Pas score did not significantly predict MSQOL-54_PHYSICAL scores (p = 0.451). Both Faux Pas (β = 0.247, p = 0.015) and RMET scores (β = 0.221, p = 0.028) showed a positive association with MSQOL-54_MENTAL scores. Years since diagnosis did not significantly predict the mental component of QoL (p = 0.635). Conclusion: Social cognition deficits are crucial for social functioning of the patients with MS, inevitably affecting both physical and mental aspects of QoL.