Extraction of Quercetin from Citrus sinensis Using Ultrasound Assisted Hydrotropic Extraction

Quercetin, a potent flavonoid with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is abundantly present in Citrus sinensis (sweet orange). Conventional extraction methods often involve toxic solvents and prolonged extraction times, limiting efficiency and sustainability. This study explores ultrasound-assisted hydrotropic extraction (UAHE) as a green and efficient alternative for quercetin recovery from C. sinensis peel. Hydrotropes (e.g., sodium Benzoate) were employed to enhance solubility, while ultrasound irradiation facilitated cell disruption and mass transfer. Parameters such as hydrotrope concentration, sonication time, temperature, and solid-liquid ratio were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maximize yield. The optimized UAHE process demonstrated a quercetin yield of [91]% under mild conditions, significantly outperforming conventional solvent extraction. UV analysis confirmed the purity of the extracted quercetin. UAHE reduced extraction time and solvent consumption while improving yield, aligning with green chemistry principles. This method offers a scalable, eco-friendly approach for bioactive compound extraction from agro-industrial waste, with potential applications in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.