Experimental Lateral Behavior of Porcelain-Clad Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls Under Cyclic-Gravity Loading

Lightweight steel framing (LSF) systems have gained prominence in modern construction due to their efficiency, adaptability, and sustainability. However, traditional facade materials such as stonework remain cost-prohibitive, and brick veneers, though increasingly preferred, pose challenges in seismic regions. This study introduces an innovative porcelain sheathing system for cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls, offering superior strength-to-weight ratios compared to granite and enhanced crack resistance. Four full-scale CFS shear walls with screwed porcelain sheathing (SPS) were experimentally evaluated under combined cyclic lateral and constant gravity loading. Key parameters, including load capacity, deformation behavior, energy dissipation, and failure modes, were analyzed to estimate the seismic response modification factor (R) for SPS-CFS systems. Results revealed that horizontal sheath orientation, double middle studs, and three blocking rows significantly enhanced lateral resistance (up to 21.1 kN) and drift capacity (2.5%). The calculated R-factor averaged 4.2, exceeding current code recommendations (AISI S213: R=3; AS/NZS 4600: R=2), highlighting the system’s potential for improved seismic resilience. Modifications to minimize brittle failure risks and optimize inelastic response are proposed, alongside discussions on permissible building heights. This research bridges critical gaps in CFS design codes and provides actionable insights for earthquake-prone regions.