Retrospective, Single-Center Analysis of Autoimmune Hepatitis in Yemeni Adults: Clinical Features and Outcomes

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease in which the immune system of the body unintentionally targets its own liver cells, resulting in inflammation, liver damage, and, if treatment is not received, cirrhosis. Although the precise origin of AIH is unknown, environmental and genetic factors are believed to play important roles. The clinical, biochemical, and long-term results of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) at the Science and Technology Hospital in Yemen are described in this paper. Design Retrospective, single-center study. Participants All patients with AIH were diagnosed at the Science and Technology Hospital from 2019 to 2024. Results: The average age of the 25 diagnosed patients was 16 ± 78 years. The majority were male (18 out of 25, 72 %). All patients displayed common signs and symptoms of AIH, including hepatomegaly, vomiting, jaundice, and abdominal distention. In addition to positive anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), the majority of individuals showed increased AST levels. The most prevalent hematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia (64%) and anemia (56%). Regarding the outcome after admission to the hospital, 60% of cases improved, 12% were discharged against medical advice,8% died, and 20% had unknown outcomes. Conclusion Autoimmune hepatitis affects patients with Yemeni. Jaundice is the most common symptom. Only Type I AIH was observed in this cohort, and mortality reached 8%.