A Rare Case Report of Disseminated Fusarium Solani Infection in a 27-Year-Old with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background:Disseminated fusariosis, caused by Fusarium solani, is a rare, life-threatening fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, including those with hematological malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its angioinvasive nature and multidrug resistance present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, with high mortality rates despite aggressive treatment.Methods:This retrospective case report, following CARE guidelines, analyzed clinical data from electronic medical records, imaging, and diagnostic reports. A literature review on disseminated fusariosis was conducted, and a multidisciplinary approach guided therapeutic decisions.Case Presentation:A 27-year-old female with AML, undergoing intensive chemotherapy, developed prolonged neutropenia and immunosuppression. She presented with persistent headaches, progressive vision loss, necrotic skin lesions, and abdominal pain. Diagnostic tests confirmed disseminated Fusarium solani infection with multiorgan involvement, including the central nervous system, ocular, respiratory, dermatologic, and gastrointestinal systems. Early initiation of antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and fosmanogepix, along with a multidisciplinary approach, led to clinical stabilization. Due to recurrence risk, she remains on lifelong fosmanogepix therapy.Conclusion:This case highlights the need for early recognition and aggressive management of disseminated fusariosis in high-risk patients. A multidisciplinary strategy integrating infectious disease expertise, diagnostic imaging, and targeted antifungal therapy is crucial for improving outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance diagnostic tools and treatment protocols for invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised populations.