<i>Punica granatum</i> L. Peels—Based Activated Carbon Attenuates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Hepato-Renal Toxicity in Rats

Chlorpyrifos is a highly toxic commonly used broad-spectrum pesticide and can seriously harm human health and environmental impacts. Punica granatum L. peels (PgP) has been applied as for preparation of activated carbon (ACs) and PgP–derived activated carbon (PgP-ACs) was produced. TEM was applied to describe the features of the particle shape and particle size of the prepared ACs and FTIR was used to study the functional groups in ACs. The study assessed the potential of PgP-ACs to attenuate liver and kidney toxicities caused by chlorpyrifos in rats. Animals were assigned into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (Chlorpyrifos, 3.0 mg/kg.b.w. daily ( ̴ 1/50 of the LD50), Group III (PgP-ACs), and Group IV (Chlorpyrifos + PgP-ACs). In the group treated with chlorpyrifos, PgP-ACs effectively ameliorated serum kidney injury markers, creatinine, uric acid, and urea. PgP-ACs ameliorated lipid profile markers, cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels in rats treated with chlorpyrifos. It significantly increases HDL. PgP-AC offered protection as evidenced by inhibiting the rise in serum activities of ALP, AST, ALT, and γ-GGT. The effect of PgP-ACs on body weight gain and feed intake was recorded. Chlorpyrifos substantially provoked several tissue alterations histological abnormalities in organs. For four weeks, PgP-ACs at a concentration of 5.0% w/w in the diet strongly protected rats against many biochemical and histological alterations caused by chlorpyrifos.