Cybersecurity Challenges in Cloud-Based ICT Systems

As cloud computing continues to transform the landscape of information and communication technologies (ICT), it also introduces a complex array of cybersecurity challenges that threaten data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving threat landscape in cloud-based ICT systems, identifying critical vulnerabilities such as data breaches, misconfigurations, inadequate identity and access controls, and insider threats. Emerging risks from AI-driven attacks, quantum computing, and complex multi-cloud environments are also explored. Through detailed case studies, the paper illustrates real-world incidents and their consequences. It further evaluates contemporary strategies including Zero Trust Architecture, encryption practices, DevSecOps, and AI-powered threat detection. By aligning these solutions with international standards and organizational objectives, the paper presents actionable recommendations for enhancing cloud security resilience. The findings underscore the importance of adopting a holistic, proactive, and adaptive approach to cybersecurity in the cloud era.