Self Attention-Driven ECG Denoising : A Transformer-Based Approach for Robust Cardiac Signal Enhancement

The analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is profoundly affected by the presence of electromyographic (EMG) noise, which can lead to substantial misinterpretations in healthcare applications. To address this challenge, we present ECGDnet, an innovative architecture based on Transformer technology, specifically engineered to denoise multi-channel ECG signals. By leveraging multi-head self-attention mechanisms, positional embeddings, and an advanced sequence-to-sequence processing architecture, ECGDnet effectively captures both local and global temporal dependencies inherent in cardiac signals. Experimental validation on real-world datasets demonstrates ECGDnet's remarkable efficacy in noise suppression, achieving a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of 19.83, a Normalized Mean Squared Error (NMSE) of 0.9842, a Reconstruction Error (RE) of 0.0158, and a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) of 0.9924. These results represent significant improvements over traditional deep learning approaches, while maintaining complex signal morphology and effectively mitigating noise interference.