Comparative Assessment of an IMU-based Wearable Device and a Marker-based Optoelectronic System in Trunk Motion Analysis: a Cross-sectional Investigation

Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) are increasingly used in human motion analysis due to their ability to measure movement in real-world environments. However, with rapid technological advancement and a wide variety of models available, it is essential to evaluate their performance and suitability for analyzing specific body regions. This study aimed to assess the accuracy and precision of an IMU-based sensor in measuring trunk range of motion (ROM). Twenty-seven healthy adults (11 males, 16 females; mean age: 31.1 ± 11.0 years) participated. Each performed trunk movements—flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation—while angular data were recorded simultaneously using a single IMU and a marker-based optoelectronic motion capture (MoCap) system. Analyses included accuracy indices, root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman limits of agreement. The IMU showed high accuracy in rotation (92.4%), with strong correlation (r = 0.944, p < 0.001) and excellent agreement [CCC = 0.927; (0.977-0.957). Flexion (72.1%), extension (64.1%), and lateral bending (61.4%) showed moderate accuracy and correlations (r = 0.703, 0.564, and 0.430, p<0.05). RMSE ranged from 1.09° (rotation) to 3.01° (flexion). While the IMU consistently underestimated ROM, its accuracy in rotation highlights its potential as a cost-effective MoCap alternative, warranting further study for broader clinical use.