Epigenetic Clocks and EpiScore for Preventive Medicine: Risk Stratification and Intervention Models for Age-Related Diseases

Background: Recent advances in aging research have enabled quantification of biological age through epigenetic clocks and the emergence of EpiScore, reshaping our understanding of aging and health. Methods: This review synthesizes key studies on biological clocks, evaluates the role of DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks, EpiScores, and multi-omics integration, and explores their potential to reflect physiological and functional states. Results: Current tools, including epigenetic clocks and EpiScores, enable precise assessment of aging and disease risk. Integration with AI and exposome data supports the development of a comprehensive aging clock and well-being score, enabling health to be treated as a quantifiable asset. Conclusion: Epigenetics-centered evaluation offers opportunities for intervention, standardization, and ISO-based precision health management. This paradigm shift can transform anti-aging strategies and support longevity-focused public health policies.