Perspectives on Circular Economy and Efficient Resource Utilization of Valorized Value-Added Material for Sustainable Development

Agro-waste-derived biochar is a valuable material suitable in various applications, offering benefits in green chemistry, circular economy, and sustainability. This study provides an overview of its suitability and efficiency in addressing wastewater challenges. This review stands out for its comprehensive evaluation of biochar's potential within the context of green chemistry principles, circular economy practices, and sustainable development goals. Agro-waste-derived biochar possesses desirable properties such as a high surface area, porous structure, and abundant moieties, effective adsorption of various pollutants. Adsorption mechanisms involving physical adsorption/ion exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic interactions were also reviewed. Moreover, using agro-waste for biochar production aligns with circular economy principles by converting waste into a valuable resource. Furthermore, it offers a sustainable alternative to conventional adsorbents while reducing environmental impacts associated with waste disposal. Besides, applying biochar in wastewater treatment contributes to green chemistry by promoting environmentally friendly materials and processes. Overall, the use of agro-waste-derived biochar in wastewater treatments has significant potential for achieving multiple sustainability goals, including pollution control, resource recovery, and the advancement of green and circular economy principles. However, further research is necessary to explore optimization strategies, scale-up challenges, and the long-term performance of agro-waste derived biochar in diverse wastewater treatment scenarios.