Assessment of Immunological Parameters of Gluten Sensitivity in Selected Skin Diseases

Background/objectives: Gluten-free diets have become very popular in recent years and unjustified exclusion of gluten happens extremely frequently. There are isolated reports which warn that symptoms of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or chronic urticaria can be aggravated by the supply of gluten in the patient's diet. The aim of the study was (i) to assess the prevalence of antibodies typical for gluten-dependent enteropathy in patients with the above-mentioned skin diseases and in the comparison group; (ii) to assess the relationship between the declared diet in patients with selected dermatoses and the presence of antibodies typical for gluten-dependent enteropathy; (iii) to assess the occurrence of IgE specific to selected allergens, including wheat and rye flours, in the studied groups; (iv) to assess dietary behaviour in patients with selected skin diseases and in the comparison group. Methods: An interviewer-supervised auditory questionnaire was used to obtain information on the health status of the subjects. Their individual gluten intake was assessed by means of one of the retrospective dietary assessment methods. The method of consumption frequency was applied. Antibodies directed against smooth muscle endomysium, tissue transglutaminase and gliadin were detected in the patients and in the comparison group. The tests were performed using ready-made kits according to the manufacturer's recommended test instructions. In addition, blood allergy tests were performed in all the subjects in the study and control groups. Results: Based on the study, the diagnosis of visceral disease and gluten allergy was ruled out in all the subjects. However, significant differences were shown regarding the intake of certain foods. Conclusions: In patients with autoimmune diseases with associated gastrointestinal symptoms, a full diagnostic workup for gluten-dependent enteropathy and gluten intolerance is necessary. Patients who report gastrointestinal symptoms should not implement a gluten-free diet without appropriate diagnostics and consultation with their doctor.