Does Pilates Breathing Affect the Biceps Brachii Neuromuscular Efficiency During Submaximal Contraction?

The Pilates breathing technique is theorized to improve neuromuscular efficiency, but its specific effects on peripheral muscles have not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated how Pilates breathing influences the neuromuscular efficiency of the biceps brachii muscle during submaximal elbow flexions compared to regular breathing. Fifty-eight healthy adults without prior experience with the Pilates Method of Exercise performed concentric and eccentric elbow contractions at 20%, 40%, and 60% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction under two breathing conditions: the specialized Pilates breathing pattern (executing movements exclusively during expiration) and normal breathing patterns. Muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography, with neuromuscular efficiency quantified as the relationship between muscle electrical activity and force production. The results revealed significantly improved neuromuscular efficiency during Pilates breathing at all tested intensity levels, with the most substantial enhancement observed at 60% of maximal effort. The eccentric phase of movement demonstrated more efficiency gains than the concentric phase. These findings indicate that the distinct breathing pattern used in Pilates can independently enhance neuromuscular performance in the biceps brachii. The study suggests that incorporating Pilates breathing techniques could benefit rehabilitation programs and strength training regimens to optimize muscle function and movement efficiency. Additional research is recommended to examine long-term effects and practical applications in clinical and athletic settings.