The Effect of Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of 3D‐Printed Dental Composite Resin

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different surface treatments—no treatment, sandblasting, hydrofluoric acid etching, and their combination—on the shear bond strength of 3D-printed composite resin discs bonded with Panavia V5 cement. Methods: 3D-printed composite resin discs received surface treatments and were bonded to Vita Mark II ceramic rods using Panavia V5 cement. Shear bond strength tests were conducted following 24-hour water storage at 37°C. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results: Hydrofluoric acid etching, alone or combined with sandblasting, significantly improved bond strength compared to no treatment (p < 0.01) and sandblasting alone (p < 0.05). The highest bond strength (40.73 ± 11.53 MPa) was found in the combination group, with no significant difference from hydrofluoric acid etching alone (p = 0.887). Conclusion: Hydrofluoric acid etching, with or without sandblasting, was the most effective surface treatment for enhancing bond strength in 3D-printed composite resins. Sandblasting alone showed no significant improvement compared to untreated surfaces.