Applying a Virtual Art Therapy System Based on the Michelangelo Effect in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Serious videogames have already demonstrated their positive impact on rehabilitation and of particular interest is the virtual reality (VR) technology. This immersive technology has been used in this study to create a neuroaesthetic experience based on the Michelangelo effect for the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to test the usability of a system for virtual art therapy and its capacity to assess patients’ deficits performances. Methods: A VR headset was worn by the participants who experienced a painting simulation of famous artworks (artistic stimuli) against a coloring canvas (non-artistic stimuli). The trajectories of the hand were studied to obtain different kinematic and spectral parameters to evaluate the user performances. A total of 13 healthy subjects and 13 patients with spinal cord injury participated in this study. Results: Significative differences were obtained for most of the parameters between the two groups, except for the normalized jerk and energy of the spectrum. Analysis in the frequency domain showed that both groups preferred horizontal movements for painting the canvas. The NASA and USEQ scores reported a comfortable and user-friendly system according to the patients’ point of view. Conclusions: The system can be a usable tool, the rehabilitative efficacy of which should be tested in patients with spinal cord injury. The kinematic and spectral parameters would allow for the evaluation of the performances alongside the clinical scales, distinguish pathological and physiological performances.