Integrated Approach to Optimizing Selection and Placement of Water Pipeline Condition Monitoring Technologies

The gradual deterioration of underground water infrastructure requires constant Condition Assessment (CA) and Condition Monitoring (CM) to prevent catastrophic failures, reduce Non-Revenue Water Loss (NRWL), and avoid costly unexpected repairs. Because water utilities manage large and dispersed systems with tight budgets, strategies for optimal selection and placement of technologies that harness maximum benefits and performance, are essential. This article introduces a framework and methods for an innovative and unified approach for optimally selecting and placing CM technology. The approach is underpinned by an R-E-R-A-V (Redundant, Established, Reliable, Accurate, and Viable) principle and asset management concepts. The proposed method is supported by a thorough review of CA and CM technology, and common approaches for CM technology deployment. The proposed unified approach evaluates CM selection with Technology Readiness Levels (TRL), and Spherical Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (SFAHP). CM placement is evaluated with k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), tuned with topological and physical pipeline system features. A Cluster Distance Factor (CDF) derived from OPTICS (Ordering Points to Identify the Clustering Structure) is introduced as a measure to evaluate pipe segment vulnerability due to proximity failure prone areas. Data sources from technology selection and placement analyses are integrated through an algorithm framed in asset management concepts. The proposed approach for optimally placing CM technology on a benchmark network (Net3) revealed that 25% of the pipe segments require monitoring to prevent 95.7% of expected failures in a period of 11 years. The benefits of a unified approach are discussed and areas of future exploratory research are explained to encourage additional applications.