The Relational Model for the Blockchain

This paper formally defines blockchain-based concepts by leveraging the relational model, a framework widely used for studying database systems. We review the cryptographic building blocks and structural aspects of blockchains, provide formal definitions of key security and consensus mechanisms, and illustrate these concepts through algorithmic descriptions and relational algebra. In addition, we analyze game-theoretic phenomena such as selfish mining to highlight how strategic behaviors affect network security and performance. This multifaceted approach offers a rigorous framework for understanding and further developing blockchain technology.