Ultrasound-Assisted Melt Extrusion of Polymers with the Main Harmonics of 10-60 kHz

Using a digital oscilloscope, the primary harmonics resulting from applying different frequencies and power levels of ultrasonic waves during the polymer extrusion process were identified. The primary harmonics are located between 10 and 60 kHz and exhibit unique characteristics such as shape, crest, and trough, the latter being associated with voltage and current. The crest-to trough distance (height) observed during processing at 34 kHz and 375 W shows the highest value, correlating with the highest melt flow index and the lowest apparent viscosity. It is well known that ultrasonic waves can randomly break C-C bonds in hydrocarbon compounds, leading to a decrease in molecular weight. However, applying ultrasonic waves at different frequencies and power levels can promote chain scission in both high and medium molecular weight chains, increasing molecular weight distribution. This phenomenon can lead to chain disentanglement along with chain scission as molecular weight decreases at medium power and frequency intensities. Finally, a schematic representation of the interaction between polymer chains and ultrasonic waves is proposed.