Origin of Space Weather, Radiation, and Its Impact on Planetary Bodies in the Solar System

Space weather originates from the Sun’s dynamic activity, driven by processes such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the continuous stream of charged particles known as the solar wind. This essay explores the fundamental mechanisms behind these solar phenomena and their role in shaping the space environment across the solar system. It details how the Sun’s magnetic field and energetic emissions interact with planetary atmospheres, magnetospheres, and surfaces, influencing planetary evolution and atmospheric retention. Additionally, the study examines the variations in space weather effects across different planetary bodies, from magnetically shielded planets like Earth to atmosphereless bodies such as the Moon or a comet. Analyzing these interactions, the essay provides a comprehensive understanding of the Sun’s influence in structuring the heliospheric environment and its implications for planetary systems.