A Study on Flight Crew’s Resilient Behavior Through Integration of Safety-I and Safety-II: Analysis of Aviation Safety Cases

This study presents an integrated approach combining Safety-I and Safety-II methodologies to overcome the practical limitations of field management of failure cases during aircraft operations. Despite advanced aviation safety systems, recurring operational failures suggest that the current Safety-I-centered reactive approach alone is insufficient. Using the HEAR (Human Error Analysis and Reduction) framework, we analyzed three types of failure cases related to FMS (Flight Management System) operation, turbulence response, and aircraft energy management. Results showed that 87% of all causes were organizational factors, significantly higher than individual/task factors (13%). Based on these findings, this study newly defines 'resilient behavior' as "the repetitive behavior or capability of flight crews who can successfully manage adverse events by effectively utilizing aircraft systems, having the ability to predict and plan for adverse events, based on high-level effective learning." By integrating this concept with FSF LAO (Flight Safety Foundation's Learning from All Operations) PAM (Pressures, Adaptations, Manifestations) framework and AA LIT (American Airlines' Learning and Improvement Team) LPAC (Learn, Plan, Adapt, Coordinate) model, we developed practical guidelines to transform failure cases into resilient success cases. Effectiveness evaluation demonstrated improvements in organizational issues and the need for qualitative enhancement of education/training systems. This integrated approach provides a practical foundation for shifting the aviation safety management paradigm from 'failure prevention' to 'success expansion' through strengthening safety managers' analytical capabilities and establishing systematic education.