Effects of Individualized Nutrition Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Dietary and Sleep Quality in Individuals with Prediabetes and Overweight or Obesity

Background/Objectives: Despite advances in public health and medical treatment, the number of patients with type 2 diabetes is increasing and it remains among the top 10 causes of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States. Early interventions with innovative approaches are essential to improving dietary intake and blood glucose control, potentially preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes and related complications. This study examined the effects of integrating real-time feedback from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) into individualized nutrition therapy (INT) on diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Methods: Thirty participants were randomized to either the treatment (n=15) or the control group (n=15). Both groups received individualized nutrition recommendations tailored to energy needs for weight maintenance and blood glucose control. The treatment group had real-time access to CGM data, while the control group remained blinded. Dietary intake and sleep quality were assessed using ASA24 recall and analyzed via general linear model repeated measures. Results: Overall incorporating CGM feedback into nutrition therapy improved diet and sleep quality. The treatment group significantly increased intake of whole grains (p=0.02) and plant-based protein (p=0.02), with trends toward increased fruit intake (p=0.07) and reduced percent calorie intake from carbohydrates (p=0.08). Sleep efficiency also improved significantly by 5% (p=0.02) following the intervention. Conclusions: These findings support the effectiveness of CGM-enhanced nutrition therapy in improving diet and sleep quality in individuals with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. Further research is needed to assess the sustainability and long-term impact of this approach.