Liposomal Formulations in Clinical Use Progress Challenges and Future Directions

Liposomal drug delivery has been identified to be a potentially useful method for the modulation of the therapeutic index of drugs by enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and site-specific delivery. Historical development and chief progress in liposomal formulations, mechanism, formulation, and clinical application are elaborated in this article. Lipid polymorphism, cholesterol stabilization, and pharmacokinetic properties in drug entrapment retention are elaborated upon. FDA-approved liposome drugs such as Doxil®, for example, have proven to be effective in treating cancers, and other liposome drugs are being researched for neurological and infectious disorders.Despite all such advances, biological barriers and immune interactions and scale-up manufacturing constraints remain significant hurdles. Techniques like PEGylation, ligand-functionalized liposomes, and hybrid nanocarrier integration have been suggested to address such constraints. All such newer innovations such as AI-based patient-specific liposomal formulation and BBB-penetrating liposomes are where drug delivery will head in the future, with even more targeted and patient-specific therapies.This review provides a detailed overview of liposomal strategy, challenge, and the future aimed at addressing biologic and manufacturability hurdles. The introduction of stimulus-responsive liposomes, hybrid carriers, and second-generation target mechanisms will shape future nanomedicine, and liposomal drugs will be the basis for next-generation drug delivery systems.