Metallic Shipwrecks and Bacteria: A Love-Hate Relationship

For two centuries, metallic shipwrecks have been relics of the history of navigation, trade and wars. They are also hotspots of marine biodiversity. The degradation of these shipwrecks not only threatens their environment through the release of polluting compounds, but also the reef ecosystems that have developed. Microorganisms are at the root of both these phenomena, and their roles are still more hypothetical than validated. The aim of this review is focus in the known or suggested relationships between bacteria and metallic shipwrecks and to identify issues that highlight the need for multidisciplinary studies to better understand the mechanisms at play in these ecosystems with the aim of protecting both the environment and these sites of underwater cultural and natural heritage.