An Ontology-Aided Generative Computational Design Process for Ecological Building Envelopes: Development of a Conceptual Framework for the Early Design Stage

The thematic context for this article is the topic of sustainable and ecological green city and building design. More specifically, this article reports the development of a conceptual framework for early stage design of ecological building envelopes, which are enclosures of buildings that make provisions for humans, plants and animals, as well as soil microbiota. This is done with the intent to advance multi-species design in architecture, urban ecology and biodiversity, as well as ecological accessibility and ecosystem services and therefore health benefits for humans. For this purpose a mixed method approach, including literature research, research-by-design through case studies, was utilized to develop an ontology-aided generative computational design process. The latter combines ontologies, a voxel model, and rule based processes that generate design variety that can be evaluated, and from which specific instances can be selected and optimised. The process was developed for two types of projects that occur in architectural practice, masterplan design and building design. The process is organised into two stages and three steps that are elaborated in the article. The development of key computational components of this process is outlined. Furthermore, technical requirements and developments towards accomplishing a technical resolution for each step are indicated and further research questions are outlined.