Application of GIS in the Maritime-Port Interface: A Systemic Review
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In port management, the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is es-sential for geospatial analysis in a complex environment shaped by digitalisation and the energy transition. This study conducts a systematic analysis of GIS integration in the maritime-port sector. Bibliometric analysis using bibliometrix (R) reveals an annual growth of 8.59% in scientific publications over the past decade, with a focus on environmental monitoring, machine learning, and digitalisation. Although the adoption of SDI and GIS is growing, their use remains predominantly limited to visualisation and monitoring by stakeholders, with challenges in interoperability and collaborative data management. The main research trends include the integration of GIS with machine learning, advanced spatial applications in maritime technologies, and the development of spatial analyses integrated with artificial intelligence. Among the emerging trends, research shows an increasing focus on sustainability, environmental monitoring, and innovative management systems. These findings suggest that research is centred on the development of technology and innovation to mitigate climate change, while seeking to advance new paradigms for the management of maritime and port spaces.