Nutritional Variations Among Amaranth Accessions Under Diverse Environmental Conditions in Malawi

This study assessed the chemical composition of amaranth leaves from six different accessions (MN-BH-01, PE-UP-BH-01, PE-LO-BH-01, CK-BH-01, NU-BH-01, and LL-BH-04) grown in various locations in Malawi. Key nutritional traits, including crude protein, calcium, zinc, iron, and potassium content, were analyzed, revealing significant variability influenced by genotype–environment interactions. MN-BH-01 exhibited the highest protein, calcium, zinc, and potassium levels, making it a promising candidate for nutritional enhancement. PE-UP-BH-01 had elevated iron content, while LL-BH-04 showed superior crude protein in certain locations. Nutrient composition varied significantly across different environmental conditions, emphasizing the impact of these interactions on nutrient accumulation. Cluster analysis and AMMI analysis identified consistent accessions (MN-BH-01 and NU-BH-01) valuable for breeding nutrient-rich varieties. Farmers preferred NU-BH-01 for its flavor, yield, and marketability, while MN-BH-01 was less favored due to its bitterness. These findings offer valuable insights for developing climate-resilient and biofortified amaranth varieties, contributing to food security and nutrition in Malawi and similar regions.