Biocompatibility Pattern of a Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix in Rats

Abstract: The study investigates the biocompatibility of porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) as a tissue substitute in periodontal applications. Given the limitations associated with subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG), PADM emerges as a promising al-ternative for tissue integration and wound healing. The research employed histological analyses in a rat model to evaluate PADM’s integration over 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The surgical procedure involved subcutaneous implantation, followed by histomorphomet-rical analysis of fibrous capsule thickness, cell ingrowth, collagen fiber density, and foreign body reaction. Results showed progressive cell infiltration, vascularization, and collagen remodeling, suggesting PADM supports tissue regeneration. Inflammatory response increased early but declined over time, while foreign body giant cells facilitated matrix degradation and new collagen deposition. The findings align with prior research indicating that a controlled foreign body reaction contributes to biomaterial integration. Despite the study’s limited evaluation period, the results confirm PADM’s biocompati-bility and its potential as a viable SCTG substitute. Future research should focus on long-term integration and functional outcomes to further substantiate its clinical ap-plicability.