Synergistic Effects of a Mycorrhizal Consortium on Growth, Morphophysiological Traits, and Nodulation Efficiency in <em>Dalbergia latifolia</em> Roxb

Dalbergia latifolia (Indian Rosewood) is a high-value timber species often limited by nutrient deficiencies. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, beneficial microorganisms, enhance plant growth by improving nutrient uptake and physiological processes. This study examined the effects of AM fungal inoculation on D. latifolia growth over 12 months, focusing on morphological, physiological, and symbiotic responses. The results demonstrated significant growth enhancement with AM fungi. Glomus mosseae achieved the tallest plant height (112 cm) at 12 months, followed by G. fasciculatum and G. leptotichum. Leaf length and width were also improved, with G. leptotichum (6.733 cm) and G. fasciculatum (6.433 cm) showing the longest leaves, and G. fasciculatum producing the widest leaves (5.1 mm). Shoot elongation was highest at 3 months in G. fasciculatum (16.33 cm) and at 12 months in G. mosseae (76 cm). Root growth was superior in G. fasciculatum and G. leptotichum, enhancing nutrient and water absorption. Chlorophyll content peaked at 9 months in G. mosseae (60.33) and remained high at 12 months (57). AM fungal colonization reached 35%, with G. fasciculatum showing the highest rate. These findings highlight the potential of AM fungi to enhance D. latifolia growth and support sustainable forestry.