Blockchain in Education Technology “ A Tool for Challenges in Education Technology” A Review Paper

Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed, immutable ledger technology introduced in the late 1900s and got attention as the enabling mechanism for operating cryptocurrency transactions. Being a strong network, decentralized, immutable and almost impossible to be hacked, blockchain is the desired solution for transparency and digital security. Having multiple use cases across multiple domains, blockchain is the technology which has the potential to change the way we think of security and trust. In the last decade, the world also experienced a massive growth in the education sector with the introduction of education technology. The covid-19 pandemic forced lockdown influenced the growth of education technology. Businesses and governments experienced massive growth in the education sector globally. Incorporation of technology into education started from teaching and learning on videos calls and is now grown enough to involve artificial intelligence and machine learning. This advancement in the education industry enabled the facilities and growth but at the same time introduced new challenges and threats. The incorporation of technology also brings the threat of security, both cyber and ethical. Students and their details are exposed online, and this makes them sensitive towards cyber threats. Not only students but all the stakeholders exposed online are also sensitive towards cyber-attacks. These challenges in the education sector need to be addressed and solved. Researchers and scientists have found blockchain to be a potential solution to the challenges present in the education sector today. This paper presents a systematic review on the education technology and the potential of blockchain technology in solving the current issues in the education sector introduced through the incorporation of education technology in the last 5 years. Along with presenting the review, this paper also proposes a novel architecture of a learning management system based on blockchain and knowledge graph. The data sources explored to collect the studies for this systematic review are Complementary Index, Business Source Ultimate, eBook Index, Springer, IEEE Xplore and more. A sum of 15,855 studies were explored and screened to find a total of around 60 studies and reports to be included in this review paper. The complete process of identification, screening and selecting was a 5-step process and was done according to the PRISMA layout. The complete study is presented according to the PRISMA checklist and aims to present a clear and concise view of the current state-of-art of blockchain in education.