Measurement and Evaluation of Dust Concentrations in The Air After Kahramanmaraş Earthquake in Turkey

The February 6, 2023, earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, resulted in extensive debris accumulation, raising concerns regarding air quality and public health. This study assessed dust concentration levels generated during debris removal and emergency response efforts. Respirable and total dust concentrations affecting Post-Disaster air quality over a five-day period were measured using dust monitoring devices applying the MDHS-14/3 gravimetric method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were conducted to determine dust particle morphology. The results showed an average respirable dust concentration of 30.84 mg/m³ and a total dust concentration of 33.66 mg/m³. SEM and EDX analyses identified fibrous structures and elements indicative of asbestos minerals, highlighting potential long-term health risks, including asbestosis and lung cancer. This study underscores the urgent need for protective measures to mitigate exposure risks for affected populations and emergency responders. Integrating health risk assessments into disaster management strategies is essential to reducing long-term public health consequences.