Food Safety Practices in Artisanal and Semi-Automated Dairy Processors: Evidence from Fier, Albania

Food safety and traceability in dairy processing plants are essential for public health and industry sustainability. This study provides an empirical assessment of food safety and traceability practices among artisanal and semi-automated dairy processors in Fier, Albania, which is the country’s leading milk-producing region. Based on structured interviews with 18 dairy processors, we examined practices related to supplier management, quality control, facility conditions, staff hygiene, and equipment sanitation. The results show significant gaps in milk supplier inspections, biochemical testing, and traceability systems. The majority of processors do not have barcode systems, regulated contracts with farmers, and formalized product tracking mechanisms, decreasing the chances of market formalization. Moreover, none of the dairies in the study have ISO certification, which restricts further access to international markets. The paper also compares food safety practices between semi-automated and artisanal processors, with the former having slightly better compliance in certain key areas such as milk supply monitoring and biochemical testing. However, both groups face major challenges in complying with food safety standards due to weak regulatory enforcement, limited financial resources, and insufficient training. Implementing stricter food safety measures and modern traceability systems is not just a regulatory necessity but a strategic step toward improving public health, market access, and the long-term sustainability of Albania’s dairy sector.