Cardiometabolic Profile Analysis of Patients with COPD-Related Type 2 Respiratory Failure in the Intensive Care Unit

Objectives Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and can become complicated by Type 2 respiratory failure. This study aimed to analyze the cardiological and metabolic comorbidities of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to COPD-related Type 2 respiratory failure and evaluate their effects on clinical outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 258 patients admitted to the Secondary-Level Pulmonary Diseases Intensive Care Unit between January 2022 and January 2024. Patients' demographic data, cardiological and metabolic comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and ICU-related variables were evaluated using statistical analysis methods. Results The most common comorbidities were hypertension (57.0%), congestive heart failure (48.1%), diabetes mellitus (31.4%), and obesity (37.6%). Female patients had significantly higher rates of hypothyroidism, hypertension, obesity, and congestive heart failure compared to males. Patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) had significantly higher cardiothoracic ratios and proBNP levels. ICU length of stay was significantly longer in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Cardiomegaly and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) were more frequently observed in obese patients. Additionally, in COPD patients, a body mass index (BMI) threshold of 25.5 was determined as a cutoff value for radiological cardiomegaly findings with a sensitivity of 69.9% and specificity of 59.5%. Elevated pCO₂ and bicarbonate levels in patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) were associated with advanced-stage COPD. Conclusion Metabolic and cardiological comorbidities significantly impact the clinical prognosis and ICU management of patients diagnosed with COPD and Type 2 respiratory failure. Special attention should be given to monitoring female and obese patients. Future studies should explore how individualized and preventive follow-up and treatment approaches can improve patient outcomes.