New Extended Investigations in Breast Cancer Diagnosis Including miRNAs

Objective of the Study The aim of this study was to improve predictions regarding tumour aggressiveness and treatment outcomes in breast cancer. This condition affects over one million people globally each year, with prognosis depending on clinical and biological factors such as age, tumour size, nodal status, and histological grade. Methods and Results The research was based on published data highlighting abnormal expressions of miRNAs involved in the initiation and development of breast cancer, as well as negative mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Approximately 15% of breast cancers are of the basal type, often identified as triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). These types of cancer are characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as HER2, including both basal-like cancers and some poorly differentiated luminal cancers. The BRCA1and BRCA2 genes are considered the most important genes in hereditary predisposition to breast cancer, along with genes such as PTEN and P53. Several studies have emphasized the role of aberrant miRNA expression in the initiation and progression of cancer. Breast cancer treatment varies depending on the stage and molecular characteristics of the disease, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, surgical interventions, and/or radiotherapy. An innovative treatment uses a modified miRNA sequence that naturally blocks cell division to target cancer cells specifically. Conclusions Identifying the genetic structure of malignant cells in breast cancer provides valuable scientific insights that can serve as improved predictors of tumour aggressiveness and cancer treatment outcomes.