<span style="color: windowtext;">Trusted Energy-Aware, Hierarchical Routing (TEAHR) for Wireless Sensor Networks

These days, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expanding fast and are used in many fields such as healthcare, battlefields, etc. Depending upon the sensor, they are transmitting a few bytes to megabytes, which is a considerable amount of data in a short duration, so security is a significant issue while transferring the data. Furthermore, it is essential to solve security concerns while transferring data by secure routing in wireless sensor networks, which critically depend on energy consumption. Trust is an essential parameter of reliable and safe communication between sensor nodes in dynamic WSNs. By developing trust relationships between sensor nodes, trust management is a successful method to overcome these issues. In WSNs, trust estimation methods are primarily employed in order to improve confidence, trustworthiness, system performance, lifecycle, decision-making processes, and relationships of cooperation among sensor nodes. The fundamental requirements of WSN are energy, connectivity, extended lifetime of the network, the availability of nodes, exchange of information, and memory overheads. In this paper, we present a novel trust-based algorithm to access the level of Trust among nodes called Trust-Based Energy-Aware Hierarchical Routing (TEAHR) in order to foster more reliable and energy-efficient WSNs. Several trust metrics like energy trust, forwarding Trust, consistency Trust behaviour and much more these ratings help in identifying potential malicious nodes (anomaly), hence ensuring network availability. With the exception of large-scale networks, we have performed a comparative study on another algorithm as well and demonstrated that the proposed model exhibits lower latency when compared to other models in terms of energy consumption (more significant) and the packet forwarding rate/lower. The comparisons of TEAHR with conventional techniques show that the proposed algorithm reduces total latency by 15%, enhances energy efficiency by around 20%, and maintains a stable packet forwarding rate, which is highly desirable for accurate operation in adversarial environments, as demonstrated through comparative analysis.