Comprehensive Analysis of a PV System Integrated with Battery Storage, Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging, and Smart Energy Management

The transition to renewable energy is a crucial step toward sustainability and integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery storage and electric vehicle (EV) charging plays a key role in optimizing energy consumption and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This study examines the design, performance, and impact of a grid-connected PV system in Constanta, Romania, assessing its ability to enhance energy efficiency, improve self-sufficiency, and contribute to environmental sustainability. By leveraging battery storage, surplus solar power is retained for later use, reducing dependency on the grid and ensuring a stable electricity supply. The study further investigates the economic and environmental benefits of renewable energy integration, including reductions in carbon emissions and operational costs. The analysis was conducted using PV*SOL for system simulation and performance evaluation, while Global Solar Atlas provided solar irradiance data for accurate energy yield assessment. The results demonstrate that integrating PV systems with battery storage and EV charging significantly enhances energy independence, with 92.2% of total consumption covered by solar energy and a reduction of 6239 kg in CO₂ emissions annually. This research provides a comprehensive model for renewable energy adoption, supporting the transition toward a cleaner and more sustainable energy.