Energy Transition for Sustainability: Addressing Pollution and Climate Adaptation in Developing Countries

This study explores the impact of the energy transition on sustainable development in developing countries, focusing on pollution reduction, climate adaptation, and resilience. From 2000 to 2022, international funding, incentive policies, and capacity-building initiatives enabled the deployment of solar panels and small wind turbines, fostering job creation, reducing emissions, and improving energy access. A simultaneous equations model is used to examine the interactions between economic, institutional, social, and environmental factors. The research highlights the role of renewable energy, innovative policies, and localized initiatives in driving sustainable progress. Findings demonstrate how clean energy reduces greenhouse gases, strengthens institutional frameworks, and improves living conditions for vulnerable groups. Special attention is given to rural and isolated areas, where renewable energy fosters socio-economic and environmental benefits.