Clinical-Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances in Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Phenotype

A comprehensive literature review was conducted with the aim of describing the existing evidence and the most recent therapeutic advancements. The phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterised by the development of concentric hypertrophy, which is variable but often asymmetric, primarily occurring in the left ventricle. The disease is marked by diastolic dysfunction, with a reduction in the intracavitary internal diameter, due to the disordered positioning of cardiomyocytes and the presence of collagen fibres, which thicken the myocardial tissue and impair relaxation. There is strong evidence of mutational components in the sarcomeric genes contributing to the development of the disease. The clinical signs are variable and are frequently associated with congestive heart failure and arterial thromboembolism. Diagnosis is determined through the combination of clinical, laboratory, and imaging tests, although there are still gaps that need further investigation. Therapeutic management aims to control clinical signs, disease progression, and to improve both quality of life and life expectancy.