Investigation of the Processes of Dust and Gas Release of Oxygen Converter Melting

This article discusses a new method for estimating the amount of dust released from a converter bath during the oxygen purging of phosphorous cast iron. This method allows us to determine how technological solutions and blast modes affect the environmental performance of the process.This study identified the causes of increased dust generation and developed solutions to improve environmental performance. Dust and gas emissions in the converter shop can be divided into two categories: organized and unorganized. Organized emissions are captured when exiting the converter neck, and draining unorganized emissions occur periodically during the casting of iron, loading scrap, and other processes. These emissions contain dust, heat, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, as well as fluorides.Resource-saving technology using inactive slag reduces the release of dust and gases by using active foam slag at the initial stage of purging and reducing lime consumption. Matching the volume of gases to the throughput of the path reduces dust removal by 30–40% and unorganized emissions by 83%. The reduction in carbon monoxide emissions is achieved by increasing the rate of increase in the CO concentration to the ignition limits, followed by afterburning on a "candle" and the organization of melting with a shortened first period. Reducing the phosphorus content in cast iron to 0.3% reduces lime consumption from 143 to 77 kg/ton of steel, reduces the duration of purging and smelting by 10-16%, reduces lime production and increases converter productivity.An integrated approach to reducing dust and gas emissions includes process optimization, the introduction of new materials and technologies, and monitoring and analysis of indicators. This improves the environment and increases production efficiency.