Advances in Microbial and Plant Based Biopolymers: Synthesis and Applications in Next-Generation Materials
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Biopolymers have made significant strides in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. They are derived from renewable sources and are biodegradable, making them appealing solutions for addressing plastic waste and reducing environmental impact. In this direction, plant-based (lignin, cellulose) and bacterial (PHA) based biopolymers are gaining significant attention. These biopolymers are highly researched for innovations and technology development due to their demand in sustainable, renewable materials for a wide range of applications. The present review discusses the state of art in plant based and bacterial biopolymers in terms of bioproduction, downstream processing, high-end applications in next generation materials and scope of future applications. The challenges associated with cost of production, processing and scalability are also discussed. This review enables researchers in the bio-based space to visualize a broader perspective of plant based and bacterial biopolymers towards replacing petroleum-based products in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly interventions and envisages a paradigm shift a linear to a circular and bio based economy.