Numerical Modelling of Air Ventilation System in Anisolated Room for Minimizing the Infection Risk of COVID-19 Type Pandemic

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the present global coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) which can be transmitted by aerosols and droplets. Aerosol transmission can be controlled by maintaining the proper level of dust, temperature, humidity, etc., and designing the ventilation system properly to minimize the transmission. This experiment examined the efficacy of modified air ventilation arrangements to decrease the infection risk in isolation rooms during COVID-19-type pandemics. Poor airflow distribution in traditional designs often results in cross-contamination, which threatens patient protection. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental validations were employed to evaluate the airflow patterns under different ventilation modifications. The results indicate that “Modification 2, ” with an inlet on the ceiling and outlet vents behind each bed, achieves optimal airflow by positioning the inlets on the ceiling and outlets behind each bed, preventing vortex formation, and minimizing contaminant spread between patients. This configuration significantly reduces the risk of infection transmission, as air exits the room faster compared to conventional designs. "Modification 2 enhances isolation room safety by reducing infection risk, offering valuable insights for hospital design and improved infection control policies.