The Interplay of Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparative Study of Nanocarriers and Vesicular Formulations

During the past years, breakthroughs in drug delivery systems, especially nanocarriers, such as liposomes, proniosomes, and nanoparticles, have occurred in various medical fields, significantly changing therapeutic approaches. Nanocarriers may offer enhanced drug stability, targeted delivery, and improved bioavailability, thereby answering some of the major concerns related to traditional drug formulations. This review aims at the central dogma, mechanism, and practical applications of drug delivery through the use of liposomes and proniosomes as a mean for improving efficacy as well as minimization of toxic side effects that accompany some medicinal drugs. Paper explores surface modifications for targeted therapy with nanotechnology into precision medicine through receptor-mediated targeting for increased positive treatment outcome. The review has highlighted the potential of liposomal antibiotics in fighting antibiotic resistance, the possibility of herbal drug delivery systems using nanocarriers, and the bright future of drug delivery hybrid platforms emerging from the integration of vesicular and non-vesicular systems. Despite all the challenges of translating science to the clinic, continuous innovation in nanocarriers and targeted therapeutics clears its way towards achieving personalized medicine and bettering patient outcomes as a new paradigm for dealing with complex diseases.