Multifunctional Cementitious Composites from Fabrication to Their Application in Pavement: A Comprehensive Review

Transportation infrastructure is crucial for the global development and economic prosperity of countries. To ensure the longevity and efficiency of road and railway systems, it is essential that the various layers of these infrastructures are maintained in high performance condition. Multifunctional cementitious composites have been widely recommended for constructing the pavement due to their versatile applications. These advanced pavement materials can perform numerous functions, such as structural health monitoring (SHM), traffic management, de-icing and snow-melting, cathodic protection, grounding, energy harvesting, and shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI). This review paper begins with an overview of recent advancements in the characterization of multifunctional cementitious composites as pavement materials followed by a detailed examination of their practical applications and benefits in the construction of pavements. To this end, this review comprehensively presents the components of conductive pavements, including conductive fillers, matrix materials, electrode configurations, conductive mechanisms, factors influencing the electrical properties of conductive fillers, and practical applications. This paper offers an integrated review of all aspects of conductive pavements, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners.