A Literature Review on Urban Air Quality

Urbanization and population growth present significant challenges to urban air quality, with adverse implications for public health. This review synthesizes findings from global studies, highlighting the relationship between population density, emissions, and air pollutants such as PM2.5, NOx, and O3. Developed nations show improved air quality due to technological advancements and policies, while developing nations struggle with escalating pollution. Health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, underscore the urgency of mitigation measures. Lessons from COVID-19 lockdowns emphasize innovative strategies like green infrastructure and remote work. Future efforts require periodic policy evaluations and adaptive approaches to sustain urban air quality improvements.