Genomic Insights and Antimicrobial Potential of newly Streptomyces cavourensis Isolated from a RAMSAR Wetland Ecosystem

The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance underscores the urgent need to identify new bioactive compounds. In this study, a Streptomyces strain ACT158, was isolated from a RAMSAR wetland ecosystem, exhibited broad-spectrum effects against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungal pathogens. The active strain was characterized as S. cavourensis according to its morphology, phylogenetic analysis, average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and annotation revealed a genome size of 6.86 Mb with 5,122 coding sequences linked to carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and stress re-sponses. Genome mining through antiSMASH revealed 32 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including those encoding polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, and terpenes, many of which showed low similarity to known clusters. Comparative genomic analysis, showing high genomic synteny with closely related strains. Unique genomic features of ACT158 included additional BGCs and distinct genes associated with biosynthesis pathways and stress adaptation. These findings highlight the strain’s potential as a rich source of bioactive compounds and provide insights into its genomic basis for antimicro-bial production, ecological and biotechnological significance.