Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Gastric Dysrhythmias in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Indian Population: A Real-World Retrospective Analysis from Electrogastrography Data

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders, such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia (FD), contribute significantly to morbidity, especially in populations at risk for type 2 diabetes. However, the prevalence and clinical manifestations of these disorders in India and associated gastric dysrhythmias are not well-studied within this population. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, analysing 3,689 patients who underwent electrogastrography with water load satiety test (EGGWLST) testing across multiple motility clinics in India. The prevalence of gastroparesis and FD-like symptoms, symptom severity, and their association with diabetes and other comorbidities were evaluated. Symptom severity was assessed using the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) and EGGWLST findings were documented including the Gastric myoelectric activity threshold (GMAT) scores. Results: The study population had a mean age of 43.18 years. GCSI scores indicated mild symptoms (55%), moderate (33%), and severe (8%). As compared to non-diabetic population diabetic subjects had significantly higher rates of early satiety (56% vs. 45%, p<0.0001), bloating (73% vs. 67%, p 0.005), and reflux (28% vs. 24%, p 0.029) while WLST data analysis revealed that significantly more diabetic subjects ingested <350ml (16% vs 12%, p 0.000016). EGG analysis revealed gastric dysthymias in 1/3rd (65%). Significantly more diabetic subjects (22% vs 18% p 0.015) had a >0.59 GMAT score. Conclusions: Upper GI motility disorders are prevalent in India, particularly among diabetic patients. EGG is a valuable tool for characterising these disorders which may help in appropriating therapeutic approaches. Further research is required to optimize treatment strategies.